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Of particular interest in the gunner department is a multi barrel design called a Ribaudequin or organ gun that could be wheeled along as it was discharged although the crew would be at some hazard as they did so due to a distinct lack of protection. Gelres provides the amazing and loud display of ordnance at most of the events in which they take part.
The duchy originated in the area of Geldern and Roermond, with its main stronghold at Montfort (built 1260). In the 12th and 13th century, Guelders quickly expanded downstream along the sides of the Maas, Rhine, and IJssel rivers, until it lost the Battle of Worringen (1288).
Four parts of the duchy deserve some special attention, because they had their own centres, as they were separated by rivers:
the quarter of Roermond, also called the Overkwartier (Upper Quarter) -
the quarter of Zutphen, also called the Achterhoek -
the quarter of Arnhem, also called the Veluwe -
the quarter of Nijmegen, also called the Betuwe -
It was often at war with its neighbours, such as the duchy of Brabant, the county of Holland and the Bishopric of Utrecht. However, the territory did not only grow because of its success in warfare, but it also thrived in times of peace. The biggest part of the Veluwe and the city of Nijmegen for example were given as a collateral to Guelders. On separate occasions the bishop of Utrecht gave the Veluwe and William II, who was count of both Holland and Zeeland and who was elected king of the holy Roman Empire (1248-
The last great duke of Guelders was Charles (1467-